Poverty And The Inner City - 2575 Words

Poverty has been a consistent problem throughout the history of the world. Despite the wealth of a country, there will always be people who are homeless and hungry. Poverty carries many different definitions, but one that truly encompasses all of its effects is, â€Å"the unfulfillment of basic human need required to adequately sustain life free from disease, misery, hunger, pain, suffering, hopelessness, and fear† (Julio, 76). Even though the United is one of the most prosperous countries in the world, it is not immune to poverty. In 2014, 46.7 million people (15%) were in poverty in the United States. This is no small issue, and one that we as Christians are called to combat. In the United States poverty is a national problem, however, it is most prevalent in the inner cities. The inner city is defined as, â€Å"A general term for impoverished areas of large cities. The inner city is characterized by minimal educational opportunities, high unemployment and crime rates, brok en families, and inadequate housing† (Dictionary.com). Although, according to the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC), absolute poverty is higher in the suburbs than in the inner cities, affecting 11 million people compared to 8 million people in the inner cities, poverty is still concentrated in the inner cities and is more prevalent there. The inner cities comprise less than 1% of land area versus the suburbs which comprise 17% of total land area – nearly 100x that of inner cities. Overall, 3 in 10Show MoreRelatedA Look Into Inner City Poverty2020 Words   |  9 PagesA Look Into Inner City Poverty Inner city distress in the American economy is not the only pressing issue facing the nation. Lack of businesses and jobs in most inner cities fuels a crushing cycle of poverty and crippling social problems like crime and drug abuse. As the condition of inner cities continue to worsen, debate on how to improve them through such measures as education, financial and technical assistance has continued to grow. The sad reality is that efforts from the past decades to addressRead MoreEffects of Inner-City Poverty on Youth Essay example881 Words   |  4 PagesUrban High-Poverty Areas on Youth With the rising poverty levels in today’s society, the amount of youth that has been affected by poverty has increased substantially, rising more than fifty percent in the last twenty years. Studies show that there are at least nine million kids living in high-poverty areas of the United States. Children raised in poverty have no choice, but are forced to view the American dream in a very grim manner. For children and young kids growing up in high poverty areas drugsRead MoreChallenges Facing Urban Sprawl And Inner City Poverty926 Words   |  4 PagesThis can lead to greater issues of urban sprawl and inner city poverty as the larger municipality becomes more fragmented. Key Purpose: Equity When examining equity and equality in a fragmented municipal structure, serious concerns can be raised in regards to inequalities to income, economic opportunity and quality of life (L.G.C, pg. 161). It is sadly ironic that suburb residents avoid the social costs of the inner city, but yet, the inner city residents are subsidizing the expensive projects inRead MorePublic Education System For Education1688 Words   |  7 Pageswhile students in a low poverty community receive a higher quality of education. It is frustrating that even when socio-economic statuses are rapidly merging and changing that an educational achievement gap still exists between low-income minority students in inner city schools and their white higher income counterparts who live in the suburbs. Educators, policymakers, and researchers all attest to the fact that a large number of schools, particularly in high poverty inner city schools, are ineffectivelyRead MoreUrban Poverty And The Urban Underclass Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Curley (2005), urban poverty has been a huge issue for hundreds of years. The people living in inner-city neighborhoods were the primary target for poverty. It had a tremendous effect on the black population; it increased by 164 percent in ten years alone. Finding a job became hardly impossible. Therefore, neighborhoods began to segregate, leaving the disadvantaged poor behind. The neighborhoods relied on welfare to make ends meets. This resulted in an increase in crime rates (pRead MoreIncreasing Poverty Among African Americans957 Words   |  4 PagesIn his discussion on poverty among African Americans, William Wilson has identified several historical factors that have contributed to the increase in poverty levels in the recent years. Such factors included, first, shift in the American economy from industrial to informational economy, thus limited the labor poll to only highly specialized individuals; second, the historical flow of migrant s, and what it bring with it from competition over limited amount of resources; third, change in the urbanRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthan ever and the amount of people living in poverty are growing at an alarming rate. As a whole, the impoverished are struggling to provide for their basic needs. A major factor in this inequality is the gap in education. Inner city public schools are not effective at teaching children the necessary skills to succeed in college, if they do not drop out of school altogether. Clearly, traditional welfare programs are not effectively ending the poverty cycle, so, new targeted programs must be put inRead MoreThe Ghetto Of A Caste System1630 Words   |  7 Pagesliving in the inner city would say otherwise. A class system exists that is built on individual’s achievements but elements of a caste system are certainly practiced in the United States. Power and wealth is distributed amongst only 1 percent o f the U.S population, therefore, their wealth is inherited from generation to generation, segregated from the rest of the population. Consequently, the ghetto poor families living in the inner city are the most alienated class of people in the city. They are raciallyRead MoreEssay On Toronto1463 Words   |  6 Pagesevenly distributed across all regions of the city. While Toronto is normally considered as a safer city, significant crime does seriously occur in many neighborhoods. I visited the Markham and Lawrence neighborhood in Scarborough, to investigate the aging physical urban changes in inner suburban neighborhoods. and the role of social control that aging infrastructure and housing are playing in ties with concentrated poverty and urban crime. Torontos inner suburbs were composed and constructed duringRead More Urban Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesour cities, And our minds Everyone bemoans the way street crime, visible poverty, deteriorating infrastructure, decaying homes and boarded-up businesses are becoming increasingly common features of city life, but we rarely ask ourselves how this deterioration in the world around us is affecting the way we look at the world. In not asking that question, we underestimate the importance of urban decay as a problem in its own right, and the degree to which it promotes other social ills. Inner city

Programing Effect On Child Development - 1017 Words

Programing Effect on Child Development Jason Sweeney Atlantic Cape Community College Programing is a useful tool in child development. Programing is also a game depending on the way you view what programing is. Programing should be started around the age of eight, to maximize the benefits of programing. A website like CodeCombat will help the child dive into the world of programing. CodeCombat is a game that forces a child to program in order to play the game. Programing challenges the child to help with physical development, cognitive development, emotional development, and social development. Physical Development Physical development provides children with abilities they need to explore the world around them. Physical development allows children to learn how to control their sensorimotor actions and allows the body to grow alongside with their ever expanding capabilities. Programing helps physical development in many ways, such as hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. Hand-eye coordination is an important skill that a child will develop. Programing helps hand-eye coordination when it comes to using a mouse and keyboard. A mouse helps a child learn hand-eye coordination when the child is looking at the screen and moving the mouse in any direction they want without looking at the mouse. A keyboard will help hand-eye coordination when they type their solution to a problem without looking down at the keyboard. Overtime their hand-eye coordination will improve toShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Children Watching Television Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesharm is not only limited to those in one culture but in all places and age groups.    One age group that is exposed to the negative effects of television are children. Television use by children could not only damage the child’s self-image, but also how they come to see the world.   A study was conducted using young girls from the ages of nine to twelve to see the effect the advertisements and programs of womanly figures on television would have on them. After asking the girls how they felt about themselvesRead MoreAt Risk Youth And Afterschool Programs Recreation Programing1577 Words   |  7 Pages At-Risk Youth and Afterschool Programs Recreation Programing In the United States and developed countries around the world, it is generally accepted that schools play a tremendous role in the lives of children, youth, and families in urban, rural, and suburban communities with populations of widely varying socioeconomic resources. However; in some communities there seems to be a clear need to provide more program support for organizations, and to provide programs and services for hoursRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Television1297 Words   |  6 Pagesthree to four hours a day on average. By their teenage years, they will have watched more television than their time spent in school. The content watched and the excessive time spent in front a TV during early childhood can prove to have negative effects later in their lives. There has to be a balance in all things and television should not be an exception.There are so many negative aspects of watching TV which can affect the children’s health, behavior, academic progress and play time. Toddlers whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Childhood Obesity1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Television on Childhood Obesity Essay It is evident that the rate of obesity is steadily increasing in North America and has reached an all-time high (Novonty 2015). This is due to the lack of physical activity, increased consumption level of unhealthy foods, and the prominent amount of exposure to media such as Television (TV). Although TV has not been proven to be a direct cause for obesity, it does however contribute to the development of children and adolescence obesity due toRead MorePrenatal Development And Birth Pregnancy2794 Words   |  12 PagesChapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth Prenatal development begins with conception †¢ Females ovulate approximately every 28 days †¢ Ovum is expelled from the ovaries through the fallopian tube, and down into the uterus. †¢ If not fertilized by sperm, the egg will be disintegrated and be passed out of the body via menstruation. †¢ If the sperm reaches the egg, all other sperm will be repelled. †¢ This connection between sperm and egg is known as a Zygote. Infertility †¢ â€Å"As many as 1 in 4 couples experienceRead MoreChildren And Screen Time : Children s Development1191 Words   |  5 Pagesproviding the enriching education parents and schools think they are. There are now elementary schools where every child has their own iPad and middle schools with Chrome Books the students can take home. Even paper textbooks are being replaced with electronic versions. The use of technology moving forward with education needs to be balanced with critical factors involving a child’s development. Children must be separated from constant attachment to screens to properly learn and develop necessary socialRead MoreA Social Worker Has A Large And Diverse Population889 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle Significance of After-School Programming for Immigrant Children during Middle Childhood: Opportunities for School Social Work. After-school programs can have a positive effect on all children during middle childhood. This time period between six and twelve years of age, is marked by significant growth and development. Children become more independent and start to look beyond their family for support and guidance. They also become more attached to peers and become susceptible to their influenceRead MoreLiteracy Connections Adult And Family Literacy Program1494 Words   |  6 PagesLC Book Buddies program matches adult volunteers to read one-to-one each week with a child in school struggling with reading. The program is in five school districts in Dutchess and one in Orange County. Our mission is to reach out not only to adults in need of basic literacy skills and English as a Second Language, but also to their children and break the inter-generational cycle of illiteracy. 1. Development of a comprehensive marketing and outreach plan. 2. Fundraising Committee is to exploreRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is It Nature Working With Nurture?1550 Words   |  7 Pagesspecialist Watson wants. He stated that he could train him to be such regardless of the child s potentialities, talents and race. Lerner (2002) expressed a similar position that human behavior cannot be fully understood without mentioning the changing relationship between human and the contextual environment. Nature and nurture have influences towards many aspects such as, personality, intelligence and physical development. The age-old question of whether nature or nurture determines a person’sRead MoreVygotsky ´s Zone Proximal Development Essay825 Words   |  4 Pagesproximal development. He places emphasis the shaping of cognitive development. He is one of the first in children development that emphasized on cultural context. I have chosen his theory and what it entails for this paper because its very interesting and some certain parts of his theory like scaffolding and the zone proximal development were relatable to my experience at my field site. This theorist believed that our minds, cognition, and psychological abilities could be development with mental

My First Time Essay Example For Students

My First Time Essay It was the summer of 98, and my friends had just graduated high school, and we all decided to take a trip. Where to go we all thought? We were thinking where could we all have fun and not have any age requirements? So Cancun was the place to be, first thing I did when I got off the plane was transfer some money to some pesos. When I tried to get pesos the cashier tried to rip me off, but there was nothing I could do. So I got my pesos and picked up a cervesa. All I knew was how to say was Cervas por favor and apparently thats all I needed to have a good time. The first night we were there, we went to this place called Bolero, and it was a dark, very lively place. There we meet this girl name Carla. I had two words for her, God Damn! This bar we were at was no ordinary bar, apparently Carla was the feature dancer of the evening. I was thinking to myself, Damn damn damn, I am going to get into some trouble when I am down here.The next day our other friends arrived from the states, and we meet up with some girls, so thats the last time we saw Carla. We all got together that night at this club called Tequila Rock; it was very trendy. When we walked in all we smelt was smoke and beer, which is not a bad thing because that is a scent of a good time. Well, we were having out fun and my friends girlfriend died on us, she passed out from alcohol poisoning and we had to call the local ambulance, but we got some Burger King fries and revived her, so she didnt have to go to the hospital. Apparently she hadnt eaten anything on the way down, or all that day. So the fries did the trick. The second day was pretty calm, but of course it was wild by nightfall. During the day we all went to the beach. The beach was very clean and was a nice place to relax. We went riding jet skis out in the ocean, and played around in the sand, we had a good time. After the beach we went back to our rooms and then got ready for a fun filled day. We went to a few shopping centers and what not, the n went a little sight seeing it was pretty nice, of course everywhere we go I find a guy selling alcoholic beverages, Cervesa por favor? While we were shopping, we found a statue of a turtle sitting on a toilet taking a dump, it was very interesting, I was considering buying it, but it was really expensive. Who would have thought a statue of a turtle talking a *censored* would have a price of $5,000. Well by then it was nighttime, the sun had gone down, so we went back to the hotel and changed. After that it was good to go for a night of fun. The first club of the night was Daddy Rock, there was a wet t-shirt contest going on, so you know we had to go up in there. We had a few drinks there; well few may be an understatement, but its ok. The second club we hit was Daddy Os; it was another branch of Daddy Rock, the dancing club portion. Daddy Os was one of many clubs rated for their laser shows, believe I saw why, it was amazing. The dance floor was enormous, there were roughly 500 pe ople on the floor doin their thang. So we were having our fun there and by this time I was tired of drinking beer, needed a little change. At the time I was not really experienced with liquor, but willing to try. I asked my friends girlfriend, What is a good mixed drink? She knows her drinks, so I thought Id ask her. Tom Collins, she replied. I didnt ask what it made of or anything, just went to the bar and asked for one. 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The Florida Everglades

Introduction The Florida Everglades is one of the last bastions of nature left in the U.S. where human progress has pushed plants and animals alike to the fringes of human civilization. It is the largest of the remaining subtropical environments left within the country consisting of 10,000 tiny islands, various rivers, lakes, streams, prairies, forests as well as a plethora of plant and animal life. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be said that the Everglades is a type of microcosm of the various environments seen around the world due to the varied environments contained within a location that is roughly 1.5 million acres in size. Based on current studies, the Everglades at any given time is home to up to 150 species of trees, 40 species of various mammals, various reptiles and amphibians as well as a host of innumerable insect life. Unfortunately due to human habitation the Everglades and its surrounding areas have been adversely affected resulting in its slow deterioration. Previous studies examining the Everglades reveal that originally the Everglades covered 1/3 of Florida’s land mass and its main river was 110 miles long. Presently the Everglades only covers an area of roughly 1.5 million acres and the river is only 70 miles long. With human development came an encroachment into the natural ecosystem of the area resulting in water, that normally went into replenishing the various rivers and tributaries in the Everglades, being diverted to various farms and urban cities resulting in a slow decline of the Everglades since the 1980. Plant and Animal Species in the Everglades As mentioned earlier, the Everglades has a plethora of different animal and plant species, for the purposes of this paper though it would not be feasible to describe every single one of them as such what will be focused on will be the most notable and well known species of animal and plant life in the area. One of the most notable and widely considered to be symbolic of the Florida Everglades is the American Alligator. At 16 feet long (or longer), it is the largest reptile in North America and one of the most common sights within the Everglades itself. Considered the top predator in the area the American Alligator is usually seen in the news as being involved in various cases of human death but it is usually due to intrusions into their territory that causes such incidents to happen. Another large species of reptile found in the Everglades is the American Crocodile, smaller and far more secretive that its cousin the American Alligator, crocodiles are usually found in the Flamingo area of the Everglades national park. Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is speculated that their ability to coexist with alligators is due to the fact that they rarely directly compete against alligators and are in a more isolated area as compared to alligators that are more spread out. Aside from reptiles the bird population in the Everglades is one of the largest in North America with various species existing in the low lying marshland areas. Birds in the area (at 350 species and counting) usually act as a method control for the vast insect population within the Everglades however as a result of human encroachment more low lying areas are being drained resulting in decline in the bird population. Unfortunately such a result has encouraged a boom in the insect population which presents itself as a definite health hazard due to potential for the spread of disease through flies. While there are numerous plant species within the Everglades the most prolific is Saw grass, it is a type of grass that belongs to the sedge family and is one of the most common types of grass seen within the area. It adaptive characterist ic is the fact that the grass itself is actually quite hard and sharp which has been noted as being able to cut through certain types of clothing. Various speculations as to how this form of adaptation came to be range from it growing in this manner due to the inherent natural climate or as a method to prevent its consumption by various animal species. Environmental challenges As mentioned earlier one of the challenges currently facing the Everglades is continued human expansion which threatens to drain the Everglades of all its vital water. On average a single city within the U.S. consumers several million gallons a day in order to maintain a population of millions. Within Miami, one of the largest cities in the U.S., being an hour’s drive away from the Everglades this means that the city directly sources its water from various man made canals and tributaries that feed off the main rivers within the area. Combined with the various home owned and corporate farms within the a rea this results in the draining of millions of gallons a day, faster than the river can replenish itself with. The result is slow deterioration of the marshlands which continued to shrink the Everglades year. It has been estimated that if nothing is done within the immediate future the Everglades will disappear by 2035 or 2050 as continued human expansion and consumption shrinks the natural resources available within the immediate area.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Florida Everglades specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Florida Everglades was written and submitted by user Kameron C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The problem with P.G Essay Example

The problem with P.G Essay Example The problem with P.G Essay The problem with P.G Essay Prince Georges county Is the richest black community In the United States. Being that I grew up in Bowie, the largest city in P. G County, my knowledge of P. G county teenage urban culture is extremely immense. Bowies so-called fake thugs are teenagers with well-paid parents, living in million dollar households and going to exceptional schools, yet they still adopting the ghetto language, attitude, and culture of nearby southern D. C. We have mastered this culture to a T, almost to he point where outsiders could not tell the difference between a private school kid coming from Prince Georges county from a hoodlum coming from the depths of the Inner-city; the parents of whom may have come from none other than surrounding ghettos such as Southern D. C. These people start earning a little bit of money that exceeds their prior means and immediately want to move out of the ghetto and into the first gated community with mansion style homes. Nathan McCall, writer of Faking the funk argues that these people are so worried about living beyond their means ND not concerned enough with helping the people from where they came. My question is, What is the real problem with P. C county, is it the fake thugs, consumed with fitting a popular image or is it the parents from which they came, over consumed with themselves and not with giving back to the community from which they came, or is there even a problem at all? I was born Into a family of dentists. Both of my parents work together owning a dental practice, which has always allowed me to live comfortably. I have never really been exposed to a true ghetto lifestyle and either have any of my friends. However, I have always been hip to the latest slang, lingo, and popular urban fashion. The surrounding neighborhoods of Bowie, those which are not so well off have always referred to the people I grew up around as the fake wannabe thugs of boogie Bowie. However we never intended to appear hard or as hoodlums. Rather we were conforming to our surroundings. Bowie is essentially an upper-middle class city dropped In the middle of many lower class cities. With such a strong urban Influence around the teenagers of Bowie, how can we not be expected to adopt some of the culture? Its a look that we admire, we have always valued a touch of flashiness amidst a hood style outfit that may sometimes look threatening. Appearing hard is merely an affect that comes with the outfit. Unless style Is a crime, can the way we as teenagers choose to dress In our free time be justifiably looked down upon? Some, not all, of these fake thugs have parents who have genuinely lived the life that their children reflect. Many of these parents grew up in neighboring ghettos of D. C. They went to lower class D. C public schools such as Blue and Corpora and happened to catch a break, rise above, go to college, and make enough money to move out of the hood. The moved to neighborhoods such as Londoner, Bowie, and Glendale and bought huge houses for themselves and their families along with beautiful cars and clothes. However, they may be living beyond their means, They gained Just enough money to purchase these items but not enough money to maintain them. They may own houses without furniture or cars they cannot afford to pay the note on. Maybe they should not have been so 1 OFF t really their problem? My opinion is that there is no real problem in Prince Georges county. There is no real reason why Prince Georges County should have to be concerned with conforming to the rest of Americas views of what the black image should be. If the teenagers want to dress like hoodlums, why shouldnt they be able to? It would be more of a problem if they were committing thuggish activity rather than Just appearing like they would do such things. One might say they are misrepresenting the community but at that age is that really a concern and is it really misrepresentation? The parents who have raised the teenagers grew up in the very environment that these styles originated. Maybe these teenagers are expressing the only style and culture theyve ever learned to know which influences the children around them who may have been raised otherwise. Clearly the concern should be diverted to the real criminals of the area. As for the parents of these teenagers, there needs to be options. For those who wish to give back to the community then there should be nothing stopping them, but otherwise, why should it be their priority? If hey came from the same community and were given the exact same opportunity, then why should they be forced to partake in helping those who had the exact same capability of helping themselves? They cant be looked down upon for helping themselves, obviously that got them to where they are today. In conclusion, wannabe thugs in P. G County will forever be present unless its surrounding cities cease to influence it. Teenagers like to be in-sync with the times. If hood style clothing is what is being worn all around them, then they will, by all means, take part in that same looting. In my opinion, there is absolutely nothing wrong with that when its all in good spirits. As far as the parents of these teenagers go, they are doing nothing wrong either. If they dont wish to go back and help the communities they came from, then why should they be forced when the community has not done anything but possibly hurt them? As far as this subject is concerned, the people of P. G County cannot be slandered. Instead of finding the Problem with P. G people should work on perfecting their own African American communities so that we can all prosper.

Free Essays on Confucianism Daoism And Legalism In Early China

Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism in Early China The Spring and Autumn Period began when dignitaries and the capital of Zhou was forced from the Wei River Valley to the east by barbarians from the north. This loss resulted in the steady decline of respect felt by feudal lords for the Emperor of Zhou. It seemed as though the Mandate of Heaven for Zhou’s power was about to expire, and the struggle to replace it began. In the midst of all this chaos and violence, three solutions arose from the ashes. Legalism was seen first, in the Qin dynasty, while Confucianism and Daoism both had strong influences on the Han Dynasty. Legalism, practiced by the Qin, took Zhou’s mistakes and learned from them. They â€Å"sought to break up the patriarchal family (Creel 137). The First Emperor was told to send out his loyal son’s to rule regions under his regime that were distanced. Li Si, one of the brains behind the Qin institution of the legalist doctrine, reminded him of the fate of the Zhou family: as generations passed, the family was not as close, and soon thereafter the feudal lords were fighting with family. In an attempt to hold every officer accountable to the Emperor, the Qin empire was divided into 36 provinces, each with an appointed governor, military commandant, and superintendent. Legalism adopts the doctrine of using strict laws made by a centralized government to rule over the people, who are simple-minded and easily stray. Legalists in general had a low opinion of human nature. The First Emperor ordered that all books containing â€Å"non-relevant† information be bur ned. This included all histories not involving Qin, and any book not discussing pharmacology, divination, agriculture, or arboriculture. Discussion of Classic of Odes and Documents was punishable by death. This attempt at keeping the lower class ignorant was a manipulative way of keeping them in check. The common people, or â€Å"black-headed people... Free Essays on Confucianism Daoism And Legalism In Early China Free Essays on Confucianism Daoism And Legalism In Early China Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism in Early China The Spring and Autumn Period began when dignitaries and the capital of Zhou was forced from the Wei River Valley to the east by barbarians from the north. This loss resulted in the steady decline of respect felt by feudal lords for the Emperor of Zhou. It seemed as though the Mandate of Heaven for Zhou’s power was about to expire, and the struggle to replace it began. In the midst of all this chaos and violence, three solutions arose from the ashes. Legalism was seen first, in the Qin dynasty, while Confucianism and Daoism both had strong influences on the Han Dynasty. Legalism, practiced by the Qin, took Zhou’s mistakes and learned from them. They â€Å"sought to break up the patriarchal family (Creel 137). The First Emperor was told to send out his loyal son’s to rule regions under his regime that were distanced. Li Si, one of the brains behind the Qin institution of the legalist doctrine, reminded him of the fate of the Zhou family: as generations passed, the family was not as close, and soon thereafter the feudal lords were fighting with family. In an attempt to hold every officer accountable to the Emperor, the Qin empire was divided into 36 provinces, each with an appointed governor, military commandant, and superintendent. Legalism adopts the doctrine of using strict laws made by a centralized government to rule over the people, who are simple-minded and easily stray. Legalists in general had a low opinion of human nature. The First Emperor ordered that all books containing â€Å"non-relevant† information be bur ned. This included all histories not involving Qin, and any book not discussing pharmacology, divination, agriculture, or arboriculture. Discussion of Classic of Odes and Documents was punishable by death. This attempt at keeping the lower class ignorant was a manipulative way of keeping them in check. The common people, or â€Å"black-headed people...

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical Analysis - Essay Example The purpose of the article is to inform Americans about the failure of the health care industry and demonstrate the need for a universal health insurance. Through a simple format and style, the authors reveal the lack of insurance of many Americans and how the high cost of benefits causes many problems. However, despite some weaknesses, the article uses successfully evidence to establish credibility and present universal health care as the solution. II Summary Millions of Americans do not have insurance or are underinsured, which exposes them to illness and premature death. The rising cost of insurance premiums leads many businesses to file bankruptcy. Moreover, most Americans agree that the health care system is broken, and they also understand that the United States is the only industrialized nation without a national health care, which political leaders do not seem to perceive. Some studies indicate that the overwhelming majority of Americans want a universal health insurance, a s ystem that makes the government the single bill payer, reduces paperwork cost, gets rid of expensive insurance organizations and saves millions of dollars in CEO compensation. In the current system, doctors spend more time filling insurance paperwork than with patients. The choice of a universal health insurance stems from the recognition of the failure of the industry and its disastrous effects but also a deep understanding of the necessity for people to get help when they need it. The health care issue gets highly politicized during electoral times, and many groups advocate different options all of which are better than the existing system; however, universal health insurance is still the best. Besides, the lobbies of politicians who depend on the financial support from the health care industry prevent the project from becoming a reality. III Interpretation and Evaluation The article has an unusual organization that does not follow the traditional paragraph format. Instead, it is made of short segments of different length throughout the whole essay. However, it does contain some specific parts that present different aspects of health care. The article adopts the form of a dialogue with questions and answers; the authors address readers as â€Å"you† and themselves as â€Å"we† as if they engage in an open discussion with them. The format and style of the article are very effective because they allow readers to clearly understand the message through the short segments and feel comfortable as if the authors were present through this conversational approach. Even though the article is relatively short, the authors have thoroughly treated the topic and addressed its most important points. They have clearly shown the failure of the current health care system that has left millions of Americans uninsured, which exposes them to disease and premature death: â€Å"An estimated 50 million Americans lack medical insurance, and a similar and rapidly growi ng number are underinsured. The uninsured are excluded from services, charged more for services, and die when medical care could save them† (Pibel & Gelder). They also demonstrate the negative impact of the broken health care industry on businesses and how it leads them to bankruptcy: â€Å"Businesses are suffering too. Insurance premiums increased 73 percent between 2000 and 2005, and per capita costs are expected to keep rising†

Idea of translation and related issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Idea of translation and related issue - Essay Example That is why there is such an aspect as a misunderstanding or not understanding of the spoken or heard information. As the practice shows, such a thing as a pure translation is impossible. In any case there are some contributing factors such as the existence of opinions or attitudes to what is translated or interpreted by the person who translates, even some ethical or political reasons with the intention to influence the person who is aimed to hear the message, and so forth. So let’s see how the issue of translation is considered by different scientists – Emmanuel Levinas, Karl Marx in the context of the theme of colonialism and translation and whose ideas and statements are supported by Dr. Suh and whose ones are denounced by him. To begin with it is necessary to admit that both translation theories of Emmanuel Levinas as well as Karl Marx are linked with each other as the first one serves as a basis for the existence of the second one. We will start with Levinas who is well-known by his critics of the tradition of Western philosophical though. According to him â€Å"The sociality of language (or dialogue): cannot be reduced to the exchange of ideas between those who share the same ground of understanding and belong to the commonness† (Suh). So the theory of Levinas’s translation is attached with the main theme of ethical and political practice with the concepts of the â€Å"self† and the â€Å"other†, that is, â€Å"the problem of politics comes up because there are multiple others in the world† (Suh). Another important part in realizing of Levinas’s theory of translation is his concepts of the â€Å"saying† and the â€Å"said† – â€Å"The key t o connecting Levinas’s ethics to actual politics is understanding the relationship between saying and the said† (Suh). In other words, the â€Å"self† and the â€Å"other† have almost nothing common between them that’s

Strategic HRM Planning Process Essay Example for Free

Strategic HRM Planning Process Essay I have gathered information over the last five weeks about department policies and best practices pertaining to ethical and diversity considerations. Based on these findings, the following proposal is presented to improve the strategic planning process. Diversity and ethics are buzzwords and are used frequently around the workplace. There are areas within both where making small changes could result in large benefits for the company’s HR strategic planning process. These considerations are important for the strategic plan because they encourage a positive company culture and decrease legal risks that could otherwise result in the demise of the company. Diversity As a restaurant and bar located in the middle of a military-base town, our personnel records indicate management has been hiring primarily a specific demographic type (women ages 18-30). Management has hired this demographic type over other demographic types more qualified. Even in an effort to appeal to specific customers, this bias can come off as discriminative and reflect negatively on the company. Two areas in need of consideration are appearance-based discrimination and age-based discrimination. ABC Restaurant Pub, unlike Hooters or certain other establishments, is not protected with a bona-fide occupational qualification defense (BFOQ). Even though our company has not been presented with a legal issue in this regard it does not mean we are not vulnerable. It is in the best interest of our strategic HRM planning process to implement a Diversity Awareness Training Program and redesign the hiring process to minimize this bias from occurring during hiring. Proposed Action The first step is to design a Diversity Awareness Training Program for managers that promotes a positive work environment. The training program explains the current equal employment laws and regulations and the benefits of a diverse workforce. Importantly, the training program helps reteach the managers how to recruit, hire, train, and promote based on qualifications and not strictly appearance or age. Each manager will receive the initial two-hour training and then attend an annual diversity-training refresher, thereafter. The second step is to redesign the hiring processes. Currently, the restaurant accepts both electronic and paper applications. However, I propose we only accept electronic applications. Paper applications allow the manager to place a face with a name, before the manager is able to read his or her qualifications. Whereas electronic applications allow the manager to read the facts (qualifications and experience) first. In addition to switching to electronic only applications, I recommend candidates to be interviewed by a three-person panel. Because the restaurant is limited in management, the panel interview should consist of at least one manager, and supervisors or head servers and ideally contain both men and women. Panel interviews minimize discrimination and favoritism. Benefits Legal Benefits: Compliance with EEO and Affirmative Action legislative and minimizes lawsuits allowing the company to evolve and reach its long-term goals. Diverse Customer Base: A diverse workforce appeals to a diverse customer base. Broadening customer base often brings more revenue. Variety of Viewpoints: A more diverse workforce brings more diverse ideas and experiences to the table. Diverse ideas can lead to an increase in creativity, innovation, and productivity. Ethical Consideration Currently, we are a company with a high-turnover rate, in an industry with a high-turnover rate. Over time application of our promotion policies have slowly diminished. Employee reviews are not conducted within a specified timeframe, if at all. Qualifications for promotions are not specific. Employees have different perspectives on performance expectations. It is critical for the promotion process to be fair, transparent, and systematic (Buzz, 2012). Not only is this illegal and can lead to discrimination claims but it is unfair and not motivating for the employees. I believe it is important for the strategic management planning process to implement fair and concise promotion processes because it is the key to advancing and retaining good employees. Retaining good employees leads to an increase in motivation and productivity. Proposed Action The first step is to publicize promotional openings so every employee is aware of advancement opportunities. Making this information available to everyone limits discrimination claims. The second step is to implement a strict employee review program. It is recommended to have a midyear meeting as well as an end of year review. The midyear meeting can address any issues or opportunities. Issues should be addressed regularly through the second half of the year. This is a time to be honest and ask the employee how they think they are doing, and any goals they may have for the next year. The end of the year review is to discuss compensation, bonuses, and promotion. There should be no surprises for the employee. The third step is to decide a specific salary increases guidelines for employees. Salary decisions must be based on performance and documented. Benefits Improve Employee Motivation- Motivation increases when opportunities are fairly distributed. Increase Productivity- Employees are more productive when challenged and financially rewarded. Lower Turnover- Employees tend to stay longer with a company they feel their efforts are recognized and advancement is available. Minimize Discrimination Suits – Closing It is my belief that making the aforementioned improvements are important to ABC Restaurant Pubs human resource management strategic planning process. Together the improvements will minimize legal issues, increase productivity, improve employee motivation, and diversify the customer base, all of which are important to develop a competitive advantage in the industry.

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The career that I would like to achieve is the one that I have dream of since my dad inspired me as a little boy. I have always wanted to be a conservation officer for northern Michigan. A conservation officer must be able to perform all the tasks set before him. Some of these are enforcing fish and wildlife laws, patrolling and protecting parks and forests, and maintaining the environment. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning a professional standard in the job field hard. This not only poses a physical challenge, it header’s my outlook on life. I not only see thing a different way also learn thing in a different way. For me I am an auditory, hands on learner. As conservation officer they should also be able communicate verbally and nonverbally with people and deal with high levels of pressure. In order for a conservation officer to be successful, that why I am here at like state delaying with my physical handicap. To reach these dreams here at lake state the computer technology is off the chats I have an hp laptop that I have software that I can read to me called read please and I can read to my computer with dragon. I also have a scanning pen that works great for homework and notes. I also got a digital tape recorder that will link to my computer and I can convent that in to typed later notes. The ORSC can get any and all books on tap for me and I can lessen to him instead of reading them with all the technology I can archive my goals her at lake state. I interviewed Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his short time there, he said that he had learned that it was important to volunteer your time as a student. He graduated from Central Michigan University two years a go. He told me that prospective employers looked at his graduation records and if he had spent any time as a volunteer while attending college it would have helped his job chances. He talked a little about his job and what he does. He really does not have a typical day, but some days he walking farm fields to make sure that farmers are farming the land they claim to be farming. A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The career that I would like to achieve is the one that I have dream of since my dad inspired me as a little boy. I have always wanted to be a conservation officer for northern Michigan. A conservation officer must be able to perform all the tasks set before him. Some of these are enforcing fish and wildlife laws, patrolling and protecting parks and forests, and maintaining the environment. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning a professional standard in the job field hard. This not only poses a physical challenge, it header’s my outlook on life. I not only see thing a different way also learn thing in a different way. For me I am an auditory, hands on learner. As conservation officer they should also be able communicate verbally and nonverbally with people and deal with high levels of pressure. In order for a conservation officer to be successful, that why I am here at like state delaying with my physical handicap. To reach these dreams here at lake state the computer technology is off the chats I have an hp laptop that I have software that I can read to me called read please and I can read to my computer with dragon. I also have a scanning pen that works great for homework and notes. I also got a digital tape recorder that will link to my computer and I can convent that in to typed later notes. The ORSC can get any and all books on tap for me and I can lessen to him instead of reading them with all the technology I can archive my goals her at lake state. I interviewed Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his short time there, he said that he had learned that it was important to volunteer your time as a student. He graduated from Central Michigan University two years a go. He told me that prospective employers looked at his graduation records and if he had spent any time as a volunteer while attending college it would have helped his job chances. He talked a little about his job and what he does. He really does not have a typical day, but some days he walking farm fields to make sure that farmers are farming the land they claim to be farming.

Chapter 54 Essay

Chapter 54: Community Ecology Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1.What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community. 2.This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Type of Competition Explanation Example Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition 3.What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example. 4.Define ecological niche. 5.Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.) 6.What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche? 7. Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.) 8.Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Prey Animal Animal Animal Plant Fungus Animal Bacteria Animal Fungus Example Plant 9.List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food. 10.List three ways prey species elude predators. 11.Compare the two types of mimicry. Type of Mimicry Batesian MÃ ¼llerian Description Example 12.What is herbivory? 13.Did you list any special herbivore adaptations for predation in your response to question 9? Or plant adaptations to avoid herbivory? List two adaptations for each category here. 14.Describe and give an example of each of the following interactions: Type of Interaction Description Example symbiosis parasitism commensalism mutualism 15.Which category above includes the other three? Note that other texts may define this term more narrowly. 16.Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction predation commensalism mutualism parasitism interspecific competition herbivory +/+, +/–, –/–, +/0 17.What is species diversity? What are its two components? Why is it important? 18.What does an ecologist summarize in a food web? 19.Know the levels of trophic structure in food chains. Give a food chain here, including four links that might be found in a prairie community, and tell the level for each organism. 20.Name every organism in the pictured food chain, and give the trophic level in the box. 21.According to the energetic hypothesis, why are food chains limited in length? How much energy is typically transferred to each higher level? 22.What is a dominant species? For the area where you live, what would be considered a dominant tree species? 24.Name one keystone species, and explain the effect its removal has on the ecosystem. 25.Explain facilitator or foundation species and give an example. You may omit bottom-up and top-down controls. Concept 54.3- Disturbance influences species diversity and composition 26. What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Give an example of a disturbance event, and explain the effect it has on the community. 27.Ecological succession is the changes in species that occupy an area after a disturbance. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Concept 54.4 Biogeographic factors affect community biodiversity 28. Explain latitudinal gradients in terms of species richness. Where is species richness greatest? 29.There are probably two key factors in latitudinal gradients. List and explain both here, and put a star next to the one that is probably the primary cause of the latitudinal difference in biodiversity. 30.Explain what is demonstrated by a species-area curve. 31.Renowned American ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson developed a model of island biogeography. While the model can be demonstrated with islands, any isolated habitat represents an island. What are the two factors that determine the number of species on the island? 32.What two physical features of the island affect immigration and extinction rates? 33.Why do small islands have lower immigration rates? Higher extinction rates? 34.Closer islands have 35.What is the island equilibrium model? 36.Use this model to describe how an island’s size and distance from the mainland affect the island’s species richness. extinction rates and immigration rates. Concept 54.4 Community ecology is useful for understanding pathogen life cycles and controlling human disease 37.Let’s pull a couple of ideas from this section: What is a pathogen? 38.What is a zoonotic pathogen? List three examples. 39.What is a vector? List three examples.

Causes And Effects Of Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood obesity is not just an issue in the United States its wide-ranging. The amount of overweight and obese children in the U.S has increased at a rapid speed over the pass years, and there is no chance of it slowing down unless matters are taken. A fast-food craze has swept the nation, consequentially leaving a trail of defective nutrition in its wake. Fast-food corporations seems to be uplifting children to consume regular amounts of unhealthy foods by giving away toys with a purchase of a kids meals. Television, computers, cell phones, and video games are which considered to be technological necessities, have begun to take of the importance of exercise. By these influences can lead up to childhood obesity, which comes along with an overwhelming abundance of negative effects obesity puts children at a every high risk of numerous illnesses not only do children with poor eating habitats have unhealthy weight, but yet they have a high risk of having weak lungs, poor blood quality , and variety of other sicknesses. Despite the obstacles, there are ways to slow the outbreak that’s called childhood obesity. Prevention can be accomplished by following a balanced diet and participating in physical activities. There are a great deal of causes and negative effects of obesity in children, but likely there are ways to hinder or even discontinue the spread of this turning point. In the United States today we have a plague of childhood obesity. When we think about the problem, we began to point fingers at fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s, saying their food and servings sizes are to blame. However, I would debate that our lifestyle are really to blame we are so overly engage that we go to fast food restaurant instead of eating healthy meal at home. Children are considered obese is they have a body mass measure greater than for their age when unhealthy, fatty or sugary foods are consumed along with lacking amounts of exercise, obesity usually the outcome, Eating high-calorie foods usually like fast foods, baked goods, and vending machines snacks raise weight. Research shows that almost about  one-third of U.S. Children between ages four and nineteen consume fast food everyday out coming in a weight gain of about six to nine extra pounds each year, per child (NACHRI). Fast food consumption has increased numerous among children since 1970. Because of the abundance and availability unhealthy foods, children are very prone of becoming over weight. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-461876/Treat-child-obesity-neglect-say-doctors.html In the United States, The average child spends about for hours each day watching television (eMedicineHealth). This is the amount of time that could be spent outdoors participating in activities such as bike, roller-skating, and playing basketball. Emotional matters are another cause of childhood obesity. Obesity can result from a form of low self-esteem, depression, or dramatic life events. Dramatic events in the lives of young children such as deaths in the family, divorce of the parents, or moving from o ne place to another can also lead to overeating. Some children overeat as a way of dealing with problems in their lives or living under emotional stress and boredom and the lack of financial resources can play another part in childhood obesity as well. Children raised in low-income backgrounds have a much greater risk of dealing with obesity. Poverty can also inhibit some parents from being able to provide their children with proper nutritional diets and activities due to the lack of time and money. Childhood obesity is thought to not only result in emotional matters, poor nutrition, or lack of financial resources, but yet also genetics. Genetics are a cause of obesity in children, because metabolic rate disorder can be inherited. If one of a child’s parents are obese, the child has about a 50 percent chance of becoming obese however, it’s more likely to become the lifestyle a child inherits. Children of obese or overweight parents are much more prone to be overweight or obese due to eating the same food and mimic the parents level of activity. Obesity cannot be inherited, but disorders that can be result in obesity can. Hormone imbalances, steroids, and psychological medication can cause childhood obesity, but these events are very rare. Illnesses that prevent children from involvement in physical activity can result in obesity on rare occasions. Two of these illnesses are Prader-Willi syndrome and Chrusing’s syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is a congenital (present from birth) disease. It affects many parts of the body. People with this condition are obese.

A Time of Change essays

A Time of Change essays The enlightenment was a great time of change in both Europe and America. Some of the biggest changes, however, happened in the minds of many and in the writings of many philosophers. These included some of the beliefs of David Hume, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, and Francois Voltaire. Writers during this time focused on optimism, which is the opinion to do everything for the best (Chaney 119), and the best for these philosophers was to stretch the minds of the ordinary. David Hume was Scottish and was born on April 26, 1711 and died in 1776. He states that he was not born into a rich family and was born into the Calvinist Presbyterian Church. However, after being influenced by the works of Isaac Newton and John Locke he began to draw back from the Church. He writes in Enquiry, "The idea of God, as meaning an infinitely intelligent, wise and good Being, arises from reflecting on the operations of our own mind, and augmenting, without limit, those qualities of goodness and wisdom." (Pomerleau 214) The questions he brought up against religion were that concrete experiences must lead us and that we must think about the quality of the stories that were handed down to us. He wanted everyone to only believe the actions that one experienced, there has to be proof. He also believed that there were four basic problems to the stories that we hear. First of all, the facts to the stories are never the same to everyone. Second, we stretch the truth to make everything interesting. Third, people who do not understand these stories tend to make things up. Finally, not all of the religions agree. Therefore, the stories conflicted each other leaving a person to not know what to believe. He believes that "Our most holy religion is founded on Faith, not on reason; and it is a sure method of exposing it to put it to such a trial as it is, by no means, fitted to Hume also believed...

The Battle of Passchendaele - World War I

The Battle of Passchendaele - World War I The Battle of Passchendaele was fought July 31 to November 6, 1917, during World War I (1914-1918). Meeting at Chantilly, France, in November 1916, Allied leaders discussed plans for the upcoming year. Having fought bloody battles earlier that year at Verdun and the Somme, they decided to attack on multiple fronts in 1917 with the goal of overwhelming the Central Powers. Though British Prime Minister David Lloyd George advocated for shifting the main effort to the Italian Front, he was overruled as the French commander-in-chief, General Robert Nivelle, desired to launch an offensive in Aisne. Amid the discussions, the commander of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, pushed for an attack in Flanders. Talks continued into the winter and it was ultimately decided that the main Allied thrust would come in Aisne with the British conducting a supporting operation at Arras. Still eager to attack in Flanders, Haig secured Nivelles agreement that, should Aisne Offensive fail, he would be permitted to move forward in Belgium. Beginning in mid-April, Nivelles offensive proved a costly failure and was abandoned in early May. Allied Commanders Field Marshal Douglas HaigGeneral Hubert GoughGeneral Sir Herbert Plumer German Commander General Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin Haigs Plan With the French defeat and subsequent mutiny of their army, the onus for carrying the fight to the Germans in 1917 passed to the British. Moving forward with planning an offensive in Flanders, Haig sought to wear down the German army, which he believed was reaching a breaking point, and retake the Belgian ports that were supporting Germanys campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare. Planning to launch the offensive from the Ypres Salient, which had seen heavy fighting in 1914 and 1915, Haig intended to push across the Gheluvelt Plateau, take the village of Passchendaele, and then break through to open country. To pave the way for the Flanders offensive, Haig ordered General Herbert Plumer to capture Messines Ridge. Attacking on June 7, Plumers men won a stunning victory and carried the heights and some of the territory beyond. Seeking to capitalize on this success, Plumer advocated for immediately launching the main offensive, but Haig refused and delayed until July 31. On July 18, British artillery began a massive preliminary bombardment. Expending over 4.25 million shells, the bombardment alerted the German Fourth Armys commander, General Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin, that an attack was imminent. The British Attack At 3:50 AM on July 31, Allied forces began advancing behind a creeping barrage. The focus of the offensive was General Sir Hubert Goughs Fifth Army, which was supported to the south by Plumers Second Army and to the north by General Francois Anthoines French First Army. Attacking on an eleven-mile front, Allied forces had the most success in the north where the French and Goughs XIV Corps moved forward around 2,500-3,000 yards. To the south, attempts to drive east on the Menin Road were met with heavy resistance and gains were limited. A Grinding Battle Though Haigs men were penetrating the German defenses, they were quickly hampered by heavy rains which descended on the region. Turning the scarred landscape to mud, the situation was worsened as the preliminary bombardment had destroyed much of the areas drainage systems. As a result, the British were unable to press forward in force until August 16. Opening the Battle of Langemarck, British forces captured the village and surrounding area, but additional gains were small and casualties were high. To the south, II Corps continued to push on the Menin Road with minor success. Unhappy with Goughs progress, Haig switched the focus of the offensive south to Plumers Second Army and the southern part of Passchendaele Ridge. Opening the Battle of Menin Road on September 20, Plumer employed a series of limited attacks with the intention making small advances, consolidating, and then pushing forward again. In this grinding fashion, Plumers men were able to take the southern part of the ridge after the Battles of Polygon Wood (September 26) and Broodseinde (October 4). In the latter engagement, British forces captured 5,000 Germans, which led Haig to conclude that enemy resistance was faltering. Shifting the emphasis north, Haig directed Gough to strike at Poelcappelle on October 9. Attacking, Allied troops gained little ground, but suffered badly. Despite this, Haig ordered an assault on Passchendaele three days later. Slowed by mud and rain, the advance was turned back. Moving the Canadian Corps to the front, Haig began new attacks on Passchendaele on October 26. Conducting three operations, the Canadians finally secured the village on November 6 and cleared the high ground to the north four days later. Aftermath of the Battle Having taken Passchendaele, Haig elected to halt the offensive. Any further thoughts of pushing on were eliminated by the need to shift troops to Italy to aid in stemming the Austrian advance after their victory at the Battle of Caporetto. Having gained key ground around Ypres, Haig was able to claim success. Casualty numbers for the Battle of Passchendaele (also known as Third Ypres) are disputed. In the fighting British casualties may have ranged from 200,000 to 448,614, while Germany losses are computed at 260,400 to 400,000. A controversial topic, the Battle of Passchendaele has come to represent the bloody, attrition warfare that developed on the Western Front. In the years after the war, Haig was severely criticized by David Lloyd George and others for the small territorial gains that were made in exchange for massive troop losses. Conversely, the offensive relieved pressure on the French, whose army was being struck by mutinies, and inflicted large, irreplaceable losses on the German Army. Though Allied casualties were high, new American troops were beginning to arrive which would augment British and French forces. Though resources were limited due to the crisis in Italy, the British renewed operations on November 20 when they opened the Battle of Cambrai.

English - Global environment issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Global environment issue - Essay Example Environment is a global concern globally because every individual contributes to the climatic changes in one way or the other. Even if, countries have been disagreeing over unequal distribution of natural resources, they are misusing the little that they have to the expense of the entire planet. The climatic changes are enormous; the planet is warming up, and there is an overpowering scientific harmony that is occurring and human-induced. With global warming on the rise and animals and their habitants on the decline, chances for ecology to adapt innately are diminishing. Many experts have agreed that climatic change might be one of the biggest dangers facing the earth. Individuals play a role in the global climate change. This is because they make wrong choices concerning what energy to use. For instance, they choose fuels, which emit poisonous gases. They also use cooking gases, which have elements harmful to the environment. Therefore, the first thing individuals ought to undertake is to evaluate their own devotion to sustainability. This involves trying to understand; what the effects of resource usage are, how ecosystems operate, and the knock-on impacts of activities in their daily lives like water, work, vehicle use, and entertainment activities. Devotion to sustainability involves sharing of common vision and goals for enhanced quality of life, instead of selfishness where people try to exploit recourses before other people can, until resources are consumed entirely, everybody suffers. Furthermore, corporations should be responsible for global environmental issues. Companies especially those in the production sectors emit gases which affect the environment. They are the main cause of the ever-changing climate and, therefore, they should take responsibility of preventing the environment from further damage. Corporate responsibility supports a vision of business responsibility to different stakeholders. The main areas are the welfare

Service flower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service flower - Essay Example It is because of the latter that the report presents an array by which managers can also evaluate models of their companies with respect to their specific setting. Applebee’s is a distinguished brand dealing with casual foods that boost of amassing a great amount of popularity over the years. Its first restaurant joint opened in 1980 and gradually the company has been able to acquire over 2000 joints all over the United States of America. Given the fact that its main dishes relate to the American diet of chicken, salads, pasta and riblets; Applebee’s has managed to receive a warm reception from the citizens. From its headquarters in Kansas, Missouri, Applebee’s has seen a continual growth in human resource whose economic well-being depends on the company (Quenqua). Thus, a strong team of managers exists to oversee activities such as order taking, payment and billing, influenced by the day-to-day operations. Positive business strategies and models are also essential in the running of such a franchise, given the nature of the specific business. The service flower concept is an idealistic approach used to analyze the services offered by a company to its customers. The core services of the business have preference over the peripheral ones, but attention is on how the entire process affects the product; this explains why aspects such as branding and marketing are important. However, important to the company is the distinction of the core products from the supplementary services, since the latter only help facilitate acquiring a competitive advantage over rivals. Usually it may be by way of increasing the appeal from customers or enhancing the value of the final product in the end. Often ignored is the delivery process of a product to the customer for consumption. Since this is the point where there is direct contact with a potential customer, a set of exceptional skills are crucial to closing a deal (Millford 11). Among the issues that the report seeks to

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example A proper integration of functional and cross functional activities on the basis of product flow is also required to further the supply chain efficiency. The answers to the following questions elaborate on these aspects of supply chain management. In the present day business environment firms can enhance their competitive strength by efficiently managing their supply chain. The typical supply chain in any manufacturing firm consists of various firms and agencies taking part in the purchasing, production and distribution functions of the firm. The objective of an effective supply chain management is to ensure that the costs involved in procuring the materials and components, cost of carrying the inventory of various materials and the cost of distributing the products to the end customers are reduced to the maximum extent possible so that the profitability of the company can be improved. In the process of improving the efficiency of the production process techniques like 'just-in-time' manufacturing system helps the firms to achieve the objective of cost reduction and minimization of production time. It is also important that there is an effective information flow between various supply chain partners. With the advanced informa tion and communication technology existing today it becomes easier for the firm to communicate with each other efficiently. This paper discusses some of the relevant aspects of an efficient supply chain management. 1. Critical Evaluation of the Contribution of Just-in-time (JIT) The JIT philosophy advocates the elimination of waste through the process of simplifying the production processes and elimination of piling up of inventories. Also known as 'lean production' JIT is a 'demand-pull' manufacturing system. Under this system each component in a production line is produced immediately as needed by the next step in the production line. In a typical JIT production line manufacturing activity at any particular workstation is prompted by the need for that station's output at the following workstation. In the JIT system demand triggers each step of the production process starting with the customer demand for the finished product at the end of the process and working all the way back to the demand for direct materials at the beginning of the process. In this way the demand pulls an order through the production line. The demand-pull feature of JIT production system achieves close coordination among workstations. The objectives of JIT are to (i) meet customer dema nd in a timely way, (ii) with high-quality products and (iii) at the lowest possible total cost. Contribution

Fairways by Robert Robertson Essay Example for Free

Fairways by Robert Robertson Essay In the United States civil rights movements had been one of the most important groups which expressed the right of a person in defending their belief regarding different aspects in life such as gender, class, race and the likes. Looking back at the situation of the United States during the time of civil rights movements of Martin Luther King Jr., people of color were very active in presenting the whole nation that they are not slaves. They have fought for many, many years until the time they were able to make the whole United States of America and the whole world the rights of a human being should not be limited by the skin color that he or she has. A human being is a human being not matter what color, race or language he or she knows. In the recent times, it is known that the problem with race is not as evidently seen in the eyes of other people. Most of the discrimination is taking place within small groups and communities similar to what happened to six golfers who were living in Beaumont Texas. It is known the golf is a sport that only needs the ability to swing a ball from its place. There are no levels of intelligence, height, weight, color, and the likes are needed in order to play well in the game of golf. Therefore, every one does have the right to play in any place that they want. Individuals must not be limited by the fact that they are African Americans wanting to play and enjoy the sport. In June 14 1955, a group of six African Americans have filled a complaint against Tyrell and Central Parks, a golf club in Beaumont Texas. The six individuals were all members of the Beaumont Golf Club. They were all requesting for access in order for them to pay in the Tyrell and Central Parks. However, the park was strictly limited only to white colored people and restricts African-Americans due to the issue of racial segregation during those times. The group needed to travel 18 miles in order to play 18 holes of Golf in Houston in order to enjoy the sport. As this situation happened, the group has realized the unfair treatment which was provided to them. Therefore, they have campaigned for equal rights. As they went to the government to present their complaint, they have seen that there are actions which had taken in order to clarify this type of discrimination. There are numerous recommendations to study variety of aspects with regards to providing golfing facilities in colored golfing parks. But then, no actions had been taken in order to formalized these types of demands from the people. In the statement provided by the Mayor he has stated that, â€Å"This council is would always act for the best of the people in the city†¦. However â€Å"would not vote to do anything that might cause strife for the people who life there† (Robertson, 2005, p. 4). In seeing this view point of a person who has not experienced racial segregation, there is a great feeling that discrimination is truly evident in the lines provided by the Mayor. As a authority, he should know that the scope of being equality must be experienced by the many people. Satisfaction with regards to the life of each individual must be done without harming other people. In the view of providing the entertainment of the people, colored people must be able to enjoy what other people could freely and easily get pleasure from. As stated in the book in the Prologue there are variety of aspects in which the colored parks do not provide. One of those things was the golfing facilities which were demanded by the Beaumont Golf Club. I n limiting the possibility of enjoying the sport in the easiest and fastest way (Tyrell and Central Park) African-Americans seems to be limited in the aspect of attaining quality time through a high level of effort of traveling 18 miles just to golf. Therefore, attaining entertainment seemed to be more difficult for African Americans. Beaumont Texas is a community in which was mainly occupied with white Americans. All the economic power which had been solely lying on the white community thus leading to the point that political power is also given to the white Americans. With such situation, the people who are leading the community are mostly leading to the bias of the white Americans. Such bias is experienced by the African Americans through an aspect such as having a decent gold club to play in. In the situation of the people the six people it is evident that inequality attained through having racial segregation in the community. The group of people who have proposed the concept racial segregation had positive thoughts with regards to the concept but obviously, the people who were leading the community and the whole country does not think of the good of all the people but all those that they could personally benefit from. In conclusion, the people who were in the government of Beaumont Texas during those times were simply attaining the best for the people of the community which were the white Americans. Given that most of the populations were white Americans as well as the leaders of the community the priority of having a satisfactory life must not only be provided to the whites but also the to African Americans. All of these people are equally paying their taxes to the government without hesitations or limit. Therefore, equal rights must be given to them. It is only proper, that the six African American golfers were able to fight for their right to enjoy what they deserve. References Robertson, R. (2005). Fair ways: how six black golfers won civil rights in Beaumont, Texas. Texas: Texas AM University Press.

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Essay

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Communist Manifesto was written by two world renowned philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This book was produced in an era of great suffering and anguish of all workers in a socially distressed system. In a time when revolutions were spreading through Europe like wildfire, Marx organized his thoughts and views to produce the critical pamphlet â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. Marx’s scrutiny illustrates his belief that unless change is to occur the constant outcome will repeatedly remain uniform. This is a novel that displays the differentiation between the Bourgeois and the Proletariat. Class relationships are defined by an era's means of production. Marx’s contradictions the position that capitalism is the unsurpassed system of economics. The only tactic that could create a successful change is if the proletariat takes some initiative and brings an end to the two distinct classes. Only then will the proletariat attain equality so cially, politically and economically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1846 Karl Marx was exiled from Paris on account of his radical politics. He moved to Belgium where he attempted to assemble a ragtag group of exiled German artisans into an unified political organization, the German Working Men's Association. Marx, aware of the presence of similar organizations in England, called these groups together for a meeting in the winter of 1847. Under Marx's influence this assemblage of working-class parties took the name "The Communist League," discussing their grievances with capitalism and potential methods of response. While most of the delegates to this conference advocated universal brotherhood as a solution to their economic problems, Marx preached the composition of class warfare, explaining to the mesmerized workers that revolution was not only the sole answer to their difficulties but was indeed inevitable. The League, completely taken with Marx, commissioned him to write a statement of their collective principles, a statemen t which became â€Å"The Communist Manifesto.† In the book, the essential theory presented is the creation of only one class, so that there would no longer be a class struggle. It discusses how Engels and Marx argued for equality and redistribution of wealth. More than anything else, the two philosophers had a grievance with workers not having control over t... ...his class in being assimilated into the proletariat as society becomes more urbanized and reliant on industrial production. Petty-bourgeois socialism arises from this class, but holds up the standard of the proletariat, with whom the bourgeoisie are a shared enemy. I feel that the most influential quote in the book is "In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all". This is a claim that once the proletariat achieve political power, the eventual result will be a classless society. Abolishing bourgeois modes of production undermines the continued existence of class hostility, and without class hostility, the proletariat will lose their own class character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The communist contribution to this ongoing revolutionary discussion will be the raising of the property question, for any revolutionary movement which does not address this question cannot successfully rescue people from oppression. Eventually the inventible will occur due to the proletariat lack of outcry and social protests. A revolution will be the undeniable consequence.

William Shakespeare

Begin with an interesting quotation related to your opinion about Shakespeare Mystery (You will need a transition here) – End the Intro paragraph with your thesis statement: Even though that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets because that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author and all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name.Body Paragraph #1 Topic of the body thesis: that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. – Find evidence – like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it upor support the topic sentence of this paragraph. – Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentence Another example that shows that that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. is†¦  œ Find more evidence – facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph #2 Even though that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets because that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author. – Find evidence – like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it upor support the topic sentence of this paragraph. – Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentenceAnother example that shows that that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author is†¦ – Find more evidence – facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. – Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph #3 The most important reason William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets is because all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name. Find evidence – like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it upor support the topic sentence of this paragraph. – Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentence Another example that shows that all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name is†¦ – Find more evidence – facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. – Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. ConclusionSo you can see that although that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets for two main reasons. First, that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author. But most importantly, all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name. – Now you will return to your opening attention-getter from the introduction – Then end your essay with a powerful So What? statement. Do you want to print or copy and email this page? William Shakespeare In the play King Lear by William Shakespeare, the good children are disowned by their fathers, but they do not stop loving their fathers and they eventually come back to rescue them from their misery. Shakespeare uses characterization of Cornelia and Edgar to show how true children will always love their parents even if they are sinned against. Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar is forced to disown himself. Eventually they forgive their fathers and aide in their recovery from insanity. Edger's and Cordillera's love for their fathers is so strong that they become the reason for their fathers' death.Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar disowns himself. Cornelia and Edgar are disowned in two different ways, yet there are many similarities. When Cornelia is asked to address her love for her father King Lear, she is unable to â€Å"heave† her heart into her mouth (1, 82-83). The imagery created shows how it is impossible to say how one truly feels. Lear is enr aged because his authority's at risk and therefore, disowns Cornelia: Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity, and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this for ever.The barbarous Scythian, Or he that makes his generation Messes to gorge his appetite, Shall be as well neighboring, pitied, and relieved As thou, my sometime daughter. (1 , 105-112) This passage from the play is rich in imagery. Lear compares him rejecting his daughter to barbarians who eat their own children for dinner. The metaphor shows to which extent Lear hates his own daughter because she can't express her love for him. Edgar is also disowned by his father but in a different manner. There is never a face-to-face conversation where Gloucester disowns Edgar.It happens through the circumstances created by Edmund. When Edmund tells his father that Edgar plans to kill him, at first Gloucester is in doubt. But Edmund manages to persuade his father with a fake letter. â€Å"Lo ve cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide, in cities mutinies, in countries discords, in palaces treason, and the bond cracked between son and father†(2, 104-107). In this speech, Gloucester mentions that Edgar is no longer his son. Later in the play when Edmund cuts himself and blames it on Edgar.Gloucester orders his men to find Edgar and kill him. Edgar hides in a tree and decides to disguise himself as a beggar. Edgar says: â€Å"Edgar I nothing am† (7, 186). This is a vital point because Edgar acknowledges the fact that he exists no more. It is Just like how King Lear disowned Cornelia, but Edgar disowns himself. He is no longer considers himself as the son of Gloucester; nor does Gloucester accept him as his son. Cornelia and Edgar forgive their parents even after they are betrayed and mistreated; they also, aide in their recovery.When Cornelia finds out that her sisters betrayed her father and he has gone insane, she invades Brittany with her husband's army , to find Lear: All blest secrets, All you unpublished virtues of the earth, Spring with my tears, be titan and remedial In the good man's distress! Seek, seek for him, Lest his ungoverned rage dissolve the life That wants the means to lead it. (18,17-21) The imagery created by Shakespeare shows how passionately Cornelia loves her father and she is willing to nourish the herbs with her tears so they can help her father recover.When Cornelia and Lear are finally reunited, Lear expresses his newfound humility and begs repentance. â€Å"l am a very foolish, fond old man† (21, 58), he tells her sadly, and he admits that she has â€Å"some cause† to hate him (21, 72). Cordillera's moving response, â€Å"No cause, no, cause† (21, 73), shows that love and reconvenes is embodied in Cornelia. When Gloucester goes to commit suicide, Edgar also saves his father from death. He pretends that his father Jumped from the cliff and acts as if he is astonished by his s survival. Thy life's a miracle†¦ /†¦ /Think that the clearest gods, who make them honors/ Of men's impossibilities, have preserved thee† (20, 55&73-74). Edgar convinces his father, Gloucester that God saved his life because he is not destined to die Just yet. Gloucester regains meaning to continue his life; therefore Edgar cures him from insanity. The difference between Edgar and Cornelia is that Edgar helps his father in disguise. He doesn't want his father to know it is him. â€Å"Never-?O father! -?reveal myself unto him† (24,189).Even when his father says, â€Å"Might I but live to see thee in my touch/led say I had eyes again† (15, 119-22), he doesn't reveal his identity. This is somewhat similar to how Cornelia and Lear were uncomfortable seeing each other due to not knowing how the other one would react. Edgar and Cornelia show their unconditional love by saving their fathers from insanity. Cornelia and Edgar are the cause of their fathers' deaths. The fam ilial love between father and child is so strong at the end of the play that Cornelia and Edgar re the reason for their fathers' death.When Edgar reveals his identity to his father, the Joy of meeting his son, his wish coming true, ultimately kills him: but his flawed heart-? Alack, too weak the conflict to support-? ‘Twixt two extremes of passion, Joy and grief, Burst smilingly. (24, 193-196) This is really ironic because Gloucester lives when he doesn't know Edgar if is still alive. He was in grief, when he was blinded and because he betrayed his son. But as soon as he finds out and meets his son, Edgar, he dies of Joyfulness. In contrast to Lear who experiences extreme sadness, and also passes away.Lear grief is caused by the death of his beloved daughter Cornelia: And my poor fool is hanged. No, no life. Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, And thou no breath at all? O, thou wilt come no more. Never, never, never. -?Pray you, undo This button. Thank you, star. O, O, O, O. (24, 300-304) Lear keeps questioning the death of his daughter and also shows sign of insanity again. He prays to God asking for her life back. He is struck by misery, more than ever before, and he dies. Gloucester not only experienced Joy but also grief. Gloucester grief is caused by not being able to see Edgar and because of regret.Ultimately, Lear and Gloucester die because of losing the one they love and also due to regretting the wrong they have done in the past. The characterization of Cornelia and Edgar shows how loyal children will unconditionally love their parents even if they are wronged by their parents. Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar is forced to disown himself. Edgar and Cornelia never stop loving their father and show forgiveness. They also go about curing their fathers from insanity. While Lear and Gloucester have true children that are willing to forgive any sin, their unfaithful children cause them to suffer.

academic communication

IntroductionThis is about academic communicating procedure theoretical account and its constituents ; how they would breakdown into three different phases and stairss to avoid them. Communication is the most of import portion of our life. We begin to larn some of the accomplishments of communicating before we are born, and most of us will go on to utilize them until the twenty-four hours we die. We communicate with friends, household, workplace ; we may pass on indirectly: we watch films, and listen to music. These are all communicating procedure in different phases. We will discourse about it in this assignment. Harmonizing to Weick and Browning ( 1986 ) , communicating is the procedure of conveying information from one individual to another. Gerbner ( 1967 ) adds that communicating may be defined as societal interaction through messages. Another bookman Theodorson ( 1969 ) defines communicating as the transmittal of information, thoughts, attitudes, or emotion from one individual or group to another chiefly through symbols. Osgood et Al ( 1957 ) besides remarks that we have communication wherever one system, a beginning, influences another, the finish, by use of alternate symbols, which can be transmitted over the channel linking them. On the footing of above definitions, communicating is the sharing information between two or more people to make a common apprehension. However, making a common apprehension does non intend that people have to hold with each other. They should hold an accurate thought of what a individual or group is seeking to state them. Communication is besides a procedure, and like most procedures it can be usefully modelled. Gathering a theoretical account frequently helps in believing about and understanding procedures and systems. The basic communicating procedure starts when the transmitter formulates an thought or thinks of something to state. The thought is so encoded or transformed into meaningful symbols. Turning the formulated ideas into spoken or written words constitutes encoding. Thought and thoughts have to be in some signifier of codification to organize catching messages. These encoded messages are so transmitted via voice, missive, electronic mail, telephone or some other channel to the receiving system. Geting the message from the transmitter to the receiving system is really of import, unless the communicating goes from one individual to another there is no communicating. Messages transmit via a channel. Channel refers to the peculiar engineering or method used to acquire the message to the receiving system. Major communicating channels are letters, e-mail, face-to-face conversation, telephone, facsimile, newspapers, booklets, movie, picture, wireless, telecasting, web sites and postings. Then the receiving system decodes the message – interprets the message, and gives feedback to the transmitter. Feedback helps both transmitter and receiving system determine the lucidity of the message. Feedback is a response from the receiving system. With feedback, the procedure becomes a conversation or bipartisan communicating.Beginning: adapted from Himstreet, Baty and Lehman ( 1993 ) .However, a major progress in communicating theory came with Claude Shannon ‘s 1949 publication of his mathematical theory of communicating. He and other information theoreticians at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were concerned with the procedure of reassigning signals accurately from transmitter to receiver. Their concern was non with words or word significances but with coded stuff sent from one machine to another – from a orbiter to earth or from one computing machine to another. Shannon ‘s communicating theoretical account was critical for communicating research as Johnson and Klare ( 1961 ) say in their reappraisal of communicating theoretical accounts: â€Å"Of all individual parts to the widespread involvement in theoretical accounts today, Shannon ‘s is the most of import. For the proficient side of communicating research, Shannon ‘s mathematical preparations were the stimulation to much of the ulterior attempt in this area.†Beginning: adopted from Shannon and Weaver ( 1949 ) .Shannon and Weaver ‘s ‘mathematical theoretical account ‘ describes communicating as a additive, one-way procedure. Harmonizing to Shannon ( 1949 ) , communicating procedure consists of basically five constituents: 1. An information beginning which produces a message or sequences of messages to be communicated to the having terminus. The message may be assorted types such as a sequence of letters as in a telegraph or teletype system ; a individual map of clip. A message is composed of a set of symbols. These symbols can be verbal or gestural. Verbal symbols are words used when talking or composing. Letterss, memorandas, studies, booklets, catalogues, manuals, and one-year studies are composed of verbal symbols. These symbols are besides used when talking face-to-face or on the telephone, take parting in a conference or meeting, or presenting a address. Gestural symbols such as gestures, position, facial looks, visual aspect, and clip, tone of voice, oculus contact, and infinite ever accompany verbal symbols. All messages contain gestural symbols that help the receiving system interpret verbal symbols. If verbal and gestural symbols struggle, receiving systems by and large believe the gestural symbols over the verbal symbols. For illustration, a gross revenues representative may state that your history is really of import but so keeps you waiting. The representative ‘s gestural communicating may do you to oppugn the representative ‘s earnestness, and you may make up one's mind to take your concern elsewhere. 2. A sender which operates on the message in order to bring forth a signal suita ble for transmittal over the channel. 3. The channel is simply the medium used to convey the signal from sender to receiver. The manner a transmitter selects to direct a message is called the channel. Letterss, memorandas, and studies are the most common channels for written messages. One-to-one conversations, telephone conversations, and meetings are common channels of unwritten messages. Electronic mail, videoconferences and voice mail are common channels of electronic messages. Choosing the appropriate channel is important. 4. The receiving system normally performs the reverse operation of that done by the sender, retracing the message from the signal. 5. The finish is the individual for whom the message is intended. Here the finish is the receiver. A individual or things to whom a message is sent is the receiver. The receiver is responsible to give significance to the verbal and gestural symbols used by the transmitter. The significance receiving systems give to message depends on their several educational backgrounds, experiences, involvements, sentiments, and emotional provinces. Miscommunication consequences if the receiving system gives the message a different significance than the transmitter intended. As it is seen from the diagram, Shannon did non include feedback which is truly critical for effectual communicating. Shannon ‘s communicating procedure theoretical account was stimulus phase for other behavioral scientists ; because they developed his theoretical account more advanced and included feedback as an of import phase. Feedback is a message or portion of a message that the receiver returns to the transmitter so that the message may be modified or adjusted to do it clearer to the receiver. When one individual responds to another ‘s message, the response is called feedback. Feedback is the reaction of the receiving system to the message received. It may besides be gestural ( a smiling, a scowl, a intermission, etc. ) or it may be verbal ( a telephone call or a missive ) . Feedback is a critical constituent of effectual communicating because it helps find whether the receiving system has understood the message. These communicating procedure constituents may breakdown at different phases. First of wholly, we will specify the significance of dislocation or barrier. Breakdown to communication include anything that prevents a message from being received or understood. Barriers/breakdowns are, hence, synonymous in many ways with noise though technological noise ( e.g. inactive on telephone lines ) is less of a barrier and more of an obstruction. A technological job does non normally stop communicating, though it may barricade it temporarily. Technological jobs are besides possibly the easiest jobs to work out. When equipment fails, is unsuited to the undertaking for which it is used, or when the job is every bit simple as an wrong telephone figure, this can normally be rapidly identified and remedied. Technological jobs are, hence, a signifier of noise but they are an obstruction instead than a barrier to communicating. Barriers are normally of homo instead than technological beginning. Human barriers are frequently less seeable but by and large more eventful. These three barriers are: Socio-cultural barriers ; Psychological barriers ; Organisational barriers. Socio-cultural barriers. Communication ever involves other people. An person can be a bearer of civilization but one individual can non make civilization. Culture is a group or societal phenomenon. Culture is powerful. The linguistic communication we use, the nutrient we eat and how we eat it, how we dress, what we believe and so on, are all powerful cultural traits. We accept them as if they were non-confrontable and non-debatable. Culture occurs at national, cultural, regional and even organizational degree can be a barrier to communicating exactly because civilization is both powerful and shaping of groups. The cardinal socio-cultural elements that may be barriers are: Groupthink is the societal phenomenon which occurs when group behaviour dominates and stifles the decision-making procedure ( Janis 1982 ) . It occurs when societal norms or a group ‘s desire for consensus overwhelms its desire to make determinations that are in its best involvement. It is what happens when shared values and conformance get out of control. Group think is a major job in concern, where people work extensively in groups and squads. For case, group members over-communicate or emphasize their similarities in beliefs and values while, at the same clip, concealing or under-communicating their differences. This consequences in the visual aspect of tight similarity within the group. Another illustration, the group develops and maintains strong shared beliefs without oppugning their truth or their implicit in premises. Rather than acknowledging some direction or strategic mistake to explicate failure, the group will apologize or fault external forces. Conflicting values and belief. Culture is based on shared beliefs and values. When communicating occurs across cultural boundaries, the potency for misinterpretation is magnified. Cultural and societal norms are so deep-rooted that people act upon them without being consciously cognizant of making so. When cross-cultural concern ventures fail, the participants are frequently unable to understand why. It is normally a communicating failure stemming from a deficiency of cognition about each other ‘s basic values and norms. Administrations need to guarantee they are familiar with possible cultural differences before trying to make concern across civilizations. Languages and slang. Even when we ‘re pass oning in the same linguistic communication, words mean different things to different people. Age and context are two of the biggest factors that influence the linguistic communication a individual uses and the definitions he/she gives to words. When Michael Schiller, a concern adviser, was speaking with his 15-year-old girl about where she was traveling with her friends, he told her, â€Å"You need to acknowledge your ARAs and step against them.† His girl â€Å"looked at him like he was from outer space.† ARA stands for answerability, duty, and authorization. This point is that although we all can talk the same linguistic communication, but the usage of that linguistic communication is far from unvarying. If we knew how each of us modified the linguistic communication, communicating troubles would be minimized.Psychological Barriers are those associating to the person and the person ‘s mental and emotional province. Key psychological barriers are:Filtering. Peoples tend to hear what they want to hear and see what they want to see. For illustration, at Beacon Research Associates, a mid-sized, societal study company, leaders of each research squad were informed by missive of their budget allotments twice a twelvemonth. When the undertaking director received his allotment, he scanned the missive, took note of the sum of his budget and quickly filed the missive. What he did non notice was the paragraph which stated that the research allowance had to be used up in this budget period within six months. Any excess sum could non be carried frontward into the following period. The director selected from all of the information in the missive merely the informations in which he was interested – his budget allotment – and filtered out the remainder. The consequence was that six months subsequently he was really surprised to larn that the balance of his budget financess was recalled, which pu t terrible force per unit area on some undertakings. Often our consequences and prejudices are a consequence of personal value systems or our cultural backgrounds. The key to avoiding filtrating jobs is to listen carefully, to read carefully and to be cognizant that we all have a inclination to be selective about the information and information with which we are confronted. Percepts are how we view the universe. We choose our friends because they tend to believe like us, act like us, believe the things in which we believe and do the sorts of things we do. We frequently are non even cognizant that our perceptual experiences influence so many countries of our life. We have perceptual experiences of world that we trust and we behave harmonizing to those beliefs which, in bend, act upon our behavior. Our perceptual experiences can be barriers to communicating. We can decline to admit or go to to what is being communicated because we have preconceived thoughts about its relevancy to our lives. Faulty memory. Sometimes we do n't retrieve what has been communicated to us ; this will take to incomplete or uneffective communicating. Good memory accomplishments can be learnt and should be practised in order to go an effectual communicator. Poor listening accomplishments. Inadequate memory accomplishments can besides be attributed to hapless hearing. Day-dreaming, reading, listening to another conversation instead than the 1 in which we are engaged, looking around the room and merely by and large non concentrating on listening represent hapless listening accomplishments. Emotional intervention. Emotions can be a barrier to communication both in sending and receiving messages. When people are angry, fearful or sad their communicating accomplishments can be impaired. We can non command person ‘s emotions ; nevertheless we can command our ain emotions to a grade. How the receiving system feels at the clip of reception of a communicating influences how he/she interprets it. The same message received when we ‘re angry or distraught is frequently interpreted otherwise than it is when we ‘re happy. Extreme emotions such as exultation or depression are most likely to impede effectual communicating.Organizational barriers chiefly relate to the administration ‘s construction, civilization, forms of work and communicating flows. The most common organizational barriers are:Information overload. Persons have a finite capacity for treating informations. When the information we have to work with exceeds our processing capacity, the consequen ce is information overload. And with electronic mails, IM, phone calls, facsimiles, meetings, and the demand to maintain current in one ‘s field, the potency for today ‘s directors and professionals to endure from information overload is high. Message competition. Information overload leads to message competition. The sum of information we deal with every twenty-four hours forces us to do picks about what is of import and what can be ignored. A director can have a 100s of messages a twenty-four hours in different signifiers. Directors are put under more emphasis by the possible danger of losing or disregarding of import messages and therefore endanger their effectivity. Information deformation. A potentially bigger cost can be paid by administrations that suffer from information deformation. Taller structures mean that information has to go through through more sections and people before acquiring to its finish. This may do the information to be distorted due to misconstruing. Message filtrating. Directors select the communications to which they pay attending by filtrating or testing them. When go throughing on information directors one time once more filter information or reproduce it in brief signifier for the ingestion of others. This procedure happens at many degrees in administrations. Status differences. Directors tend to listen less carefully to subsidiaries. This will take dislocation of communicating. Structural jobs. Administrations can be structured with many beds and directors in the top would hold less communicating with the below employees of the hierarchal construction. The greater the distance – physical, societal or cultural, between two points, the longer it will take to acquire information from one point to the other. George Eliot says: â€Å"The people of the universe are islands shouting at each other across a sea of misunderstanding.† It is really critical to hold effectual communicating in order to be successful. It can be achieved by avoiding communicating dislocation. These stairss are: directing clear messages to the receiving system, and finish the message adequate to enable both the transmitter and the receiving system to make a common apprehension ; transmitter should avoid the specialized linguistic communication such as slang when composing to an foreigner ; message should be in platitude linguistic communication non cliches or local expressions that mean nil to a non-native talker ; the receiving system should besides be a good hearer by halt speaking, put the talker at easiness, keeping oculus contact, being open-minded, inquiring inquiry or giving a feedback. A communicator should digest bad wonts in order to set up good resonance sometimes ; should avoid accusals ; should concentrate on behavior non a individual ; should be specific instead than general ; should avoid defensiveness ; should portion in formation instead than giving advice ; should propose more acceptable options ; should give positive feedback. Deep external respiration, remaining entirely for a piece will assist get the better of emotional barriers. Administrations should concentrate on jobs and issues ; they should listen and promote subsidiaries efficaciously despite of their position. Employers should pay attending to the words and feelings of the employees that are being expressed. If an administration receives many messages from the clients, they should use excess staff for specifically looking after the messages and facsimiles. Communication is good or effectual when members of an administration portion information with each other and all parties involved are comparatively clear about what this information means.DecisionWe have discussed about communicating, Shannon ‘s mathematical communicating procedure and its constituents ; the barriers to communicating and steps how to avoid them. As discussed earlier we communicate because of a demand: a demand to acquire our thoughts across to others. Like animate beings, we communicate with sounds, although unlike animate beings, we have evolved address, which can convey complex thoughts. Unlike animate beings, excessively, we can encode these sounds into symbols, therefore giving the thoughts their ain extended and independent life crossing the coevalss. Communication can be seen as a round procedure. Person has an thought they wish to go through on. They determine who is to have the thought, and how it is to be recorded and transmitted. The chosen receiver becomes a transmitter when they deliver feedback to the conceiver of the thought to demo that is has been received and understood. Peoples engaged in communicating encode and decode messages while at the same time functioning as both transmitter and receiving systems. In the communicating procedure, feedback helps people resolve possible misinterpretations and therefore better communicating effectivity. Communication takes two signifiers – verbal and non-verbal. Although non-verbal is of import, verbal communicating is the manner that we communicate the thoughts, ideas or instructions we need to go through on. We do this in two ways: spoken and written. For a communicating to be effectual it has to be received and understood. There are two peculiar accomplishments concerned with apprehension: hearing efficaciously and reading attentively. Communication is one of the most of import procedures that takes topographic point in administrations. Effective communicating allows persons, groups, and administrations to accomplish their ends and execute at high degrees, and it affects virtually every facet of organizational behavior.Bibliographic MentionsForsyth, P. and Madden, D. 2005, Business Communications, ICSA Publishing Ltd, Norfolk. George, J. M and Jones, G. R. 2008, Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior, Pearson Prentice Hall, 5th ed. , US. Himstreet and Bary 1965, Business Communications, 2nd ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California. Himstreet, Baty and Lehman 1993, Business communications, 10th ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California. Judge, R. 2009, Organizational Behavior, 13th ed. , Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. McQuail, D. and Windahl, S. 1982, Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communication, 2nd ed. , Longman Publishing, New York. Rouse, M. J. and Rouse, S. 2002, Business Communications, Thomson Learning, Cornwall. Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. 1949, the Mathematical Theory of Communication, the University of Illinois Press, Urbana. Steil K. Lyman 1983, Effective Listening: Key to your success, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Canada. hypertext transfer protocol: //patchwork-st.blogspot.com/2007/03/how-to-avoid-communication-breakdown.html ( 13.04.2009 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coachingachievement.co.uk/overcoming_communication_barriers.htm ( 13.04.2009 )